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Solid state ionics
Solid-state ionics is the study of solid electrolytes and their uses. Some materials that fall into this category include inorganic crystalline and polycrystalline solids, ceramics, glasses, polymers, and composites. Solid-state ionic devices, such as solid oxide fuel cells can be much more reliable and long-lasting, especially under harsh conditions, than comparable devices with fluid electrolytes.〔
Solid-state ionics was founded in Europe, starting from the works by Michael Faraday on solid electrolytes Ag2S and PbF2 in 1834. Fundamental contributions were then made by Walther Nernst, who derived the Nernst equation and detected ionic conduction in heterovalently doped zirconia, which he applied in his Nernst lamp. Another big step forward was the characterization of silver iodide in 1914. Around 1930, the concept of point defects was established by Yakov Frenkel, Walter Schottky and Carl Wagner, including the development of point-defect thermodynamics by Schottky and Wagner; it helped understand ionic and electronic transport in ionic crystals, ion-conducting glasses, polymer electrolytes and nanocomposites. In the late 20th and early 21st century, solid-state ionics focused on the synthesis and characterization of novel solid electrolytes and their applications in solid state battery systems, fuel cells and sensors.
The term ''solid state ionics'' was introduced in 1960 by Takehiko Takahashi, but received a wide use only in the 1980s, with the emergence of the journal ''Solid State Ionics''. The first international conference on this topic was held in 1972 in Belgirate, Italy, under the name "Fast Ion Transport in Solids, Solid State Batteries and Devices".〔
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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